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Physics Coursework
Determination of the Resistivity of Constantan Wire
To calculate the resistivity of constantan wire, or any other type of wire, the resistance has to be calculated, as well as the cross sectional area and also the length.
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Resistivity of constantan wire can be determined by using the equation
= = RA/L
= = resistivity
R = resistance of wire in Ohms (Ω)
Resistance is calculated by using R = V/I = Voltage/Current
Voltage is measured in Volts, and Current is measured in Amperes
A = cross sectional area of the wire (metres square)
Cross sectional area can be calculated by A = <d/4
d = diameter
L = length of constantan wire (metres)
Physics Coursework
List of apparatus
• Power Pack Supply
• Variable Resistor
• Ammeter (0 1 Amperes)
• Voltmeter (0 6 Volts)
• Constantan Wire
• 1m Ruler
• Michrometer
• Wire Cutters
Method
The circuit was set up as shown in the diagram. The length of the wire was measured by using a meter ruler. The lengths that I chose were 1m, 0.8m, 0.6m and 0.4m. The lengths were measured from one terminal to the other. When the power pack was switched on, I recorded the voltage and then I recorded the current and the reading were recorded on the results table. The experiment was then repeated 6 more times with the same length of wire, but using different voltages. This was then repeated using different lengths of constantan wire. I measured the diameter of the constantan wire with a michrometer screw-gauge, I measured the diameter at different positions along wire, the diameter was then recorded. I then calculated the average diameter from the measurements. After every reading that was taken, the power pack was switched off because if it was left on, then the circuit would overheat. I kept the voltages fairly low so that it would not heat the wire too much, and that would affect the rest of my results, and therefore affect the resistivity of the constantan wire. I kept the diameter of the wire constant by using the same piece of constantan wire so that the diameter would not change.
When using analogue apparatus, such as a full-scale deflection voltmeter or ammeter, you have to be careful of the parallax error. The parallax error is when if you look at the reading at different angles, then the reading would look different because you are not looking down at it so that your eyes are directly above it.Resistivity of Constantan Wire
Gradient of the graph = dy/dx
Gradient of the graph = =
= = RA/L
= = 5.110^-7 .0810^-7
0.6
= .0410^-7
0.6
= = 5.0610^-7
Using the graph to calculate the average resistivity is more accurate than calculating the average resistivity using all the calculations because by drawing a line of best fit, increases the accuracy because it should cancel out the anomalous results.
From my results table and graph I can see that my results that I collected are very reliable. I know this because from the graph, it can be seen that the points plotted all near enough lie along the line of best fit. Although you may think that there is one anomalous result at 0.8m, it is only about 0.110^-7 away from being not anomalous.
From the graph, it can be seen that as the length increases, the resistance increase, therefore RA increases.
In this experiment, the errors that could have occurred were -
• The length of the wire was not very accurate, as I could have measured the wire off a few millimeters, which could have affected the whole experiment.
• The power pack might have not been turned off when I was changing the length of the constantan wire, so the heat would build up, leading to more resistance on the next reading that I was going to do.
If I was going to make improvements to the experiment, I would have tried to make the constantan wire length as accurate as can be.
To also improve on my results I would use a digital voltmeter instead of an analogue voltmeter. I would do this because a digital voltmeter is a lot more accurate than an analogue one because if the needle in the analogue voltmeter is bent then the readings will be false whereas a digital voltmeter does not rely on a needle.
I could have repeated the whole experiment again, and if the results were the same then the experiment that I carried out was accurate.Please note that this sample paper on Determination of the Resistivity of Constantan Wire is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Determination of the Resistivity of Constantan Wire, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on Determination of the Resistivity of Constantan Wire will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.
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