Thursday, July 30, 2020

The Four Theories of Political Elites

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The question that four theories of Political Elites attempts to answer is that "who...governs and to what ends?" Each political theory poses valid arguments on the topic of control and influence, even though all the theories vary from one to another these hold some similarities with each other. Theories from political thinkers such as Karl Marx, and his Marxist theory, CW. Mills and the idea of The Establishment, Max Weber and the theory of the Bureaucrats, and the Pluralist theory are the four theories of the Political Elite and though they seem to differ greatly there is still some room to spot similarities.


The Marxist theory, based on the teachings of Karl Marx, is centralized on the struggle of power between "capitalists and workers." It is the view that sees the ability to govern in respects to who holds control over the economy. The government, according to Marx, is "a piece of machinery," meant to, "express and give legal effect to the underlying class interests." In listening to the view one might assume that capitalists are the ones that govern this country, which might as well be true, yet this idea conflicts with the theory of Max Weber, a German historian and sociologist that seems to have views similar views with Marx but criticizes him for not including some other key points to complete a more accurate theory of elitism.


Max Weber spoke of the Bureaucrats as the ones that to govern and "operate government agencies from a day to day basis." The reason for Weber's criticism of the Marxist views is because of the emphasis Marx put on control over the economy and thus control on government. The view of Webber was that Marx had "neglected the dominant social and political fact of modern times. Webber viewed that complete control of the government had long since fallen into the hands of the bureaucratic agencies that specialized in the management of "contemporary affairs." Webber could also see certain advantages and disadvantages to having living in this bureaucratic state. He saw that rationality would be the driving force behind the decisions of the bureaucratic agencies, yet Webber also foresaw that the power of these agencies would eventually become too massive and "overpowering." The idea that there was only one actual governing force was an idea not adopted by CW. Mills as can be seen in his theory of the Establishment.


In CW Mills theory of the Establishment there are three main governing powers that be: corporate leaders, top military officers, and a small number of key political leaders. Mills believed that it was withing these forces that the major governing took place. The rationality that the entire country is controlled by a small faction of people is not an uncommon one many have believed in the ruling force an elite minority. Wilson argues that "Government is dominated by a few top leaders" these leaders which, he argues enjoy great advantages, wealth and prosperity, yet Wilson also argues a different point of view. He argues a pluralist theory in which Wilson states that it is not just a small factions that do the governing but a great network of people and institutions that involve practically every one.


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