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The Indian National Congress is a political party that led the struggle for the independence of India from the British Empire. It formed the mainstay of the Indian nationalist movement and later dominated the countrys government. Founded in 1885 with a base of support chiefly in the upper-class intelligentsia, the Congress originally advocated limited democratic reforms under British rule. As early as 184 the British India Society was founded in Bengal. Later, in 1851 Rajendra-lal Mitra and Ramgopal Ghose formed the British Indian Association. At about the same time the Bombay Association was started by Juggan Nath Sarkar, Dadabhai Naoroji and others. Poona also organized its public life through the Poona Sarvajanin Sabha.
In 1876 Surendranath Banerjea founded the Indian Association in Bengal. One of the main objects of Surendranath and the Indian Association was the unification of the people of India on the basis of common political interests and aspirations. The Indian Association at that time used to represent and reflect public opinion from Peshawar to Chittagong.
The time had meanwhile become ripe for the formation of an all-India political organization. At the first National Conference at Calcutta held in 188 Surendranath Banerjea suggested that an all-India political organization be formed.In fact, while the second National Conference was being held at Calcutta, the Indian National Congress, the first effective all-India political organization, was established at Bombay. The National Conference later merged itself into the Indian National Congress.
Beginning in 105, it called for swaraj, or self-government, and in 10 it adopted the strategy of Satyagraha (non-violent resistance) devised by Mohandas K. Gandhi, who also widened its support into a true mass movement. By 1, led by Jawaharlal Nehru, the Congress was demanding total independence. During World War II it refused to support the British war effort, launching instead a "Quit India" campaign that led to violent confrontations and prison terms for about 100,000 of its supporters. After India gained independence, in 147, the Congress controlled the central government and most of the Indian state governments for 0 years. In 155 it adopted a programme of democratic socialism. The party split in 16, but the dominant faction (the New Congress Party) remained in office under Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. Voted out in 177, it again split; Indira Gandhis Congress (I) Party (I for Indira) was again in power from 180 to 18, from 184 under Rajiv Gandhi after his mother Indiras assassination. After a brief interim, Congress (I) was returned to power in 11 under P. V. Narasimha Rao, but was ousted again in 16 amid public disaffection with party corruption and increasing support for locally based, left-wing reformist parties and the right-wing Bharatiya Janata Party.
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