Reality Tv: Big Brother

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Real New Formats of Television Looking at Big Brother.

By Phillip Bell

The term 'Reality television,' has become popular in recent years to describe programmes that depict events and interactions, which are supposedly true depictions of the 'real.' As to what constitutes the 'real,' is a constant source of debate and discrepancy. One such example, which attempts to disprove the reality of such shows, and prove 'Reality Television,' to be a misnomer is Phillip Bell's article, 'Real new formats of television looking at Big Brother.' Bell's analysis focuses on the Reality game show, Big Brother, and portrays the negative aspects of it through analysing the contestants as well as those who watch them; the audience.

He presents this pessimistic attitude by using sarcasm, ironies and snide comments, which often appear after a statement in brackets, "They encourage competitive and self-examining behaviours of their participants (victims?)…"1 By doing so the reader is positioned to see Bell's point of view, which offers no credit to Reality television and if anything mocks it.

School papers on Reality Tv: Big Brother

Bell begins with an interesting comparison of George Orwell's novel '184' and the show 'Big Brother,' which evokes a sense of nostalgia and regret from Bell as to what modern day entertainment has become. Big Brother was once "watching his cowering subjects for signs of rebellion," and is now, "paying selected members of the audience to cross over to the other side of the all-seeing lens." This notion that Big Brother, no longer represents a serious and deadly authority but rather a voyeur; concerned with entertainment and ratings somehow diminishes it's authenticity and depiction of the 'real.'

Despite Bell's stern standpoint on what is 'real,' his discussion of contestants involved are insightful. Bell accurately notes that those selected are, "carefully selected 'ordinary' people," who are specifically chosen, "…to generate certain kinds of stories, certain kinds of competitive and cooperative behaviours and inter-personal conflicts." This of course affects the 'real' as there is bias from the onset of their appearance on screen. There are also the specifics of why one is chosen; their 'role' if you like. It is imposed upon the contestant to play up to this role that the program producers have chosen them for. "They'll play the theatrical roles they've been chosen to play vixen, slut ing�nue, yobbo, etc." Such behavioural patterns Bell describes as 'demand characteristics,' which he verifies by describing a societal experiment conducted around the theme of imprisonment. People involved in this experiment felt compelled to 'perform their role,' such as attempt escape if a prisoner and to rule harshly if a guard. Although Bell uses this as an effective argument against an accurate portrayal of oneself on Big Brother, we must acknowledge the fact that we are all subjected to some form of societal conformity within everyday life. There are multi-facets of every person and when put in different situations we often display or conceal certain aspects of our true self in order to be accepted. By showing different sides of their personality, appropriate to the current situation the contestants are faced with a double-edged sword. Bell discusses this as a kind of equilibrium, which entails keeping not only the audience content but their fellow contestants as well. By being too extreme one risks challenging societal norms and hence being pushed to the outer, which of course leads to elimination. Furthermore, being deprived of certain necessities such as family, sex, food and freedom will as Bell points out, inevitably lead to extreme behaviour, where uncharacteristic behavioural traits are displayed in order to win, survive or maintain dignity. This is perhaps where the untrue portrayal of oneself comes into play as competitiveness and winning become issues. On the June 10 (00) Big Brother Live nominations episode, the housemate Mirabai admitted, "There is something held back because you have to think about the game." Such a comment confirms Bell's point of view, that contestants are reserved in offering their real selves as it ultimately comes down to the fact that it is just that; a game.

However, what sort of game would it be without a judge or mediator? This is where the audience come into play. Perhaps the most appealing facet of reality game shows is the authoritative position that the audience hold; that of judge. Bell comments that the audience "…interacts with the participants and their games, judging them, voting for or against them." He perceives this as a rather unnatural situation referring to this arrangement as 'perverse,' and 'voyeuristic;' both of which hold negative connotations. By perceiving this as unnatural Bell is neglecting to acknowledge that this form of behaviour occurs in everyday normal situations. It is inherent within human nature to observe something and then to pass judgement on it. One meets a new acquaintance and within tenths of a second has reduced them to a particular category or stereotype.

Interestingly Bell not only looks at how the audience judge the contestants but how doing so forces them to judge themselves, consciously or not. This is achieved through the television channel ('agent provocateur'), who attempts to "catch the audience in their own moralistic web." Agreeably this is the hook which draws many viewers as we are sub-consciously subjected to internal scrutiny, asking ourselves, "What would I do in that situation?"

Bell's discussion of why people pass judgement raises a valid and interesting point. When, as an audience, we are faced with displays of body flaunting, raw sexuality, and primitive behaviour, "…the native or 'feral' Aussie is on display, and the audience is made uncomfortably aware that it may be more like that species than it cares to admit." It is as though the viewer watches this behaviour that society deems as unacceptable, openly criticises it, despite feeling sub-consciously aroused and interested in behaving likewise and hypocritically act similarly in their own lives.

Moreover, Bell's main qualm with Reality television appears to be that "…they exhibit a kind of perverse, rather than a critical or ironic 'pseudo-documentary.'" This 'pseudo-documentary,' he believes stems from the fact that the contestant know there is an audience who are watching and judging the contestants, therefore there is "….the demand to act as though they are not being looked at," which will undeniably tamper with the 'real.'

Without being able to discuss this notion of the 'real,' as a balanced argument, Bell's only form of flattery throughout his article appears with sarcastic undertones, "Big Brother may not be reality but it certainly is television."

By making unjust generalisations, Bells argument diminishes in worth. He refers to all contestants as "minimally educated, heavy television viewers." This judgemental voice appears loudly in his concluding paragraph where he tries to define the problem with Reality television. He states, "…it is not its apparently ignorant or vulgar participants who are the problem. Nor is it 'human nature.' Rather, it is the imprisoning situations constructed for us to think of as reality itself that should incite the critics' indignation." Perhaps as an academic this should be taken into account, but for the everyday viewer it is human nature, which holds their interest and is of the highest importance.

Although Bell's article does raise some interesting and valid points, his overall attitude is negative and sarcastic. He does not conclusively prove that these shows do not present 'real' situations and people, nor does he gain any kudos by being closed-minded and cynical. By treating the general population as a collective whole, he is forced to make sweeping generalisations, which are often unjustified. Furthermore Bell passes judgement on such things as the contestants intellects, and of the type of people who would be amused by, "the selfish, the perverse, the eccentric," thus appearing class-orientated and naïve towards the richness and quality of human nature. In this sense Reality television is more 'real' than Bell gives it credit for. As an objective audience we catch sight of glimmers of the real and it is these that we should grab on to.

Bibliography

Bell, Phillip, "Real New Formats of Television," Media Information Australia, No. 100, August 001Big Brother Live nominations, Southern Star Endemol, Broadcast date June 10, 00 (Network Ten)

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"Looking for alibrandi"-changes in relationship with josie towards the end of the HSC year

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ENGLISH ESSAY�discuss the changes taken place throughout Josie's relationships with people by the end of her HSC year

The changes taken place throughout Josie's relationships with people by the end of her HSC year has changed dramatically. Her relationship with her Nonna, Michael Andretti and her social school relationships with the girls from St Martha's slowly changes as she starts to mature and realise that she needs to open up her heart and accept who she really is, and to understand other people instead of blocking people that are different to her off her world, which stops her from realizing that she is already widely accepted by the rich snobs in St. Martha.

At the end of her HSC year, her relationship with Michael Andretti changes Josie's and everyone's view of her illegitimacy. In the beginning of the book, she is furious at him for how he wrecked Christina's and Josie's life, dreams and socializing. Christina was kicked out of the house when she was pregnant and her dreams of being an artist was flushed down the drain when she was pregnant with Josie. For Josie, she had been teased by and talked about her illegitimacy when Michael wasn't in Sydney.

"For him to actually exist was mind boggling. Sometimes I think his a myth.?Chapter1 pg15. "I don't care about him I wouldn't care if he was sitting in this room with us now. I'd look straight through him. We don't need him.?Chapter1 pg16.

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Although Josie feels this way in the beginning, she ends up meeting Michael Andretti and her hatred towards him changes to nervous and excited at the fact she is meeting him. "I felt sick at the idea of meeting him, though at the same time I desperately wanted to.?Chapter pg 18. "He's a barrister and although I didn't want to, I like him a lot. He's honest and not a hypocrite and I sometimes want to hate him for what he did to my mother eighteen years ago. I mean you could change heaps couldn't you??Chapter16 pg 15.Fortunately towards the end of the novel, Josie and Michael's relationship become closer and closer. They go out for dinner, go on a holiday to Melbourne and ends up staying at his house in Balmain, every so often. "I'm still shocked by how fast things are going between us?I never really thought I would respect my father.?Chapter17 pg 156. Michael also starts to build up his love and affection for his one and only daughter. "Because if I pretend you didn't exist you won't go away. So I'd like to get to know you better.?Chapter1 pg 15.

Josie's relationships with people in St Martha's were her most concern and that were because of their class differences. Josie also wanted to be respectable which makes her acceptable by the rich snobs. "My biggest problem, though, is being stuck at a school dominated by rich people. Rich parents, rich grandparents. Mostly Anglo-Saxon Australians. Who I can't see having a problem in the world…………however they were smart, they moved out of the inner west and inner city and became 'respectable? Being respectable has made them acceptable.? Chapter1 pg 6.

"A world where I can be accepted. Please God, let me be accepted by someone other than the underdog.?Chapter pg .

"I felt disadvantaged from the beginning?chapter 1 pg 7.

"We grew up in the midst of the snobs of St Martha's and discovered that somehow brains didn't count that much. Money and prestige and what your father did for a living counted. If your hair wasn't in a bob or if your mother didn't drive a Volvo you were a nobody. That's where the problem lies between myself and our school captain, Ivy Lloyd.?Chapter pg 1.

Although Josie feels very competitive and ambitious and desperately wanting to be accepted by others at St Martha's in the beginning of the novel she slowly loosen up with her competitiveness and ambition. "I became a bit less ambitious this year.? Chapter pg 60.However with her desperate act of acceptance is dropped when she finds out that she was firstly school captain but Sister Louise gave that position to Ivy because she thought Ivy had the right attitude. This showed that she was accepted and respected by all the St. Martha girls. "I realized that she wasn't Poison Ivy anymore. She was just Ivy.?"I wanted to say so much to her and that surprised me. Because in the past I had to make up things to say to.? Chapter pg 41. Slowly step-by-step Josie starts to accept others for who they are and not what their family background is, rich or poor. This becomes the same with the girls in St Martha's.

Josephine's family relationships with Nonna have emotionally changed as Josie finds out what happened in Nonna's life in Australia and that she is very similar to Josephine.

"I had never thought her capable of dreaming like me.?Pg

At first, Josie becomes angry at what happened between Nonna and Marcus Sandford.

"Our whole lives just like our names are lies.?Chapter5 Pg 1. However, after she thinks about the incident she realizes that it was not her Nonna's fault but her Nonno's fault for treating her so bad, that she fell for another man who actually showed his love for her. "Your grandfather Francesco treated me like one of his farm animals.? Pg . "He promised me he would bring her up as his if I didn't embarrass him any more, so I stayed to protect my baby.?Chapter6 Pg 5.

Josie feels grateful towards her Nonna for risking and breaking rules to have her daughter, Christina. "She hadn't stuck to rules and regulations. Hadn't worried about what other people thought every second of her life. She had taken chances. Broken rules. If she hadn't Mama wouldn't have been born and I wouldn't have been born.?Chapter 6 Pg 6.

Due to all of this Nonna and Josie build a relationship stronger and stronger every second of their lives, and Josie now understood and saw that Nonna had great love for her daughter. "When she got pregnant my heart broke. Not for Francesco or me. For her. I wanted to take her into my arms and hold her. If I could carry her on my back for nine months I would have. But he looked at me wit so much hate and I knew if I tried to help her he would ruin her life. So I said "Yes, Francesco. Anything you say, Francesco.?Chapter6 Pg 5.

Josephine finds out in the end that she is a very lucky girl, who has a Nonna that loved her baby but wasn't allowed to touch her or else her baby's life would be ruined. This showed great love and caring towards her baby, but since she was kept apart from her, Josephine understands the pain Nonna went through. As for her mother, Christina, had stuck up to her horrible father and was willing to get kicked out and sacrifice herself for her baby, Josephine. "I was loved by two of the most strongest women I would ever meet in my lifetime.?Chapter6 Pg 6.

Josie's relationships with people making fun about her cultural identity-Italian also were a major part of Josie's life. She heard racist comments about her cultural identity, "wogs?throughout her life but in Chapter 8, Carly Bishop made a racist remark about her race-Italian. "The night clubs was the pits…they were all wogs they seemed to be everywhere, she snickered.?Pg 81. Josephine had rituals to follow in her culture, including- that she has to go to her Nonna's place straight after school, hang around the same race, "how come other Italian girls have Italian boyfriends, why can't you be like them??Nonna.

Being respectful and having good manners even while you are arguing is considered in her rituals. "I hate the word 'respect?I think I'll go sick if I hear it again.?Chapter.

Although Josie feels this way about her culture and finds Tomato day embarrassing, she finally realizes it is in her and she can't change it by getting all fussy over it. "I resent it most of the time, curse it always, but it'll be part of me till the day that I die.?Chapter 16 pg 15. This day when she realizes that her cultural identity is something that will be part of her forever, she comes to her senses that becoming use to the rituals will make her life easier. "If someone asks me what nationality I am, I'll look at them and say that I'm Australian with Italian blood flowing rapidly through my veins. I'll say that with pride, because it's pride I feel.?Chapter pg 5.

In conclusion the changes that have taken place in Josie's relationships with people by the end of the HSC year, has changed from a self-centered, competitive, ambitious and pride less in her own culture and an illegitimate to a less ambitious, less competitive, pride in culture, more open-minded and hearted and more acceptable to others by the end of the novel. They were not sudden changes that occurred in the blue but happened over a period of time. From this novel you can feel that love and care can change some self-centered brat into a perfect role model.Please note that this sample paper on "looking for alibrandi"-changes in relationship with josie towards the end of the HSC year is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on "looking for alibrandi"-changes in relationship with josie towards the end of the HSC year, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on "looking for alibrandi"-changes in relationship with josie towards the end of the HSC year will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Christina Aguilera song analysis - im ok

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Christina Aguilera

I'm ok

Title I'm ok

Artist Christina Aguilera

Essay help on Christina Aguilera song analysis - im ok

Year 00

Album Stripped

Melody vocal, guitar

Harmony strings, vocal

Rhythm guitar

Instrumentation guitar, strings

Style pop

Form

Melody-

The melody in this song is pretty basic and repetitive. The melody in the versus

is fairly simple whereas the melody in the bridge and chorus are a little more

complicated. the melody in the last chorus is a tiny bit different because it is

sung differently in parts.

Harmony-

There aren't that many harmonies in this song but the ones that are there are

done mainly by the stings and by echo of Christina's voice.

Rhythm-

The rhythm is really basic and pretty slow, it doesn't vary much except for in

the bridge and chorus where it gets slightly quicker and more pronounced.

Form/structure-

At the start of the song the introduction is considerably soft, the chorus is

then a fraction louder as the instruments are played louder and more are

included. After the chorus, which is the loudest at that point, the song goes

back into the same pattern of gradually getting louder. The bridge is then

louder that the chorus because all instruments are being played but not to the

full capacity. The chorus that follows the bridge is the loudest part of the

song. The outroduction then fades out. This is fairly soft.

In the introduction there is eerie music playing softly and there is also people

talking softly in the background. The music travels from left to right giving an

insecure feeling which is what this song is trying to portray.

What is the song about?

This song is about Christina's childhood. Her father physically abused her and

her mother. She tells us a story of a girl getting abused and then changed her perspective in the chorus and tells it from her point of view. She comments on the abuse just being a memory to her father but it still affects her now. The lyrics in this song pretty much explain themselves.

Im Ok

Once upon a time there was a girl

In her early years she had to learn

How to grow up living in a war that she called home

Never know just where to turn for shelter from the storm

Hurt me to see the pain across my mothers face

Everytime my fathers fist would put her in her place

Hearing all the yelling I would cry up in my room

Hoping it would be over soon

Bruises fade father, but the pain remains the same

And I still remember how you kept me so afraid

Strength is my mother for all the love she gave

Every morning that I wake I look back to yesterday

And Im OK I often wonder why I carry all this guilt

When its you that helped me put up all these walls Ive built

Shadows stir at night through a crack in the door

The echo of a broken child screaming please no more

Daddy, dont you understand the damage you have done

To you its just a memory, but for me it still lives on

Bruises fade father, but the pain remains the same

And I still remember how you kept me so, so afraid

Strength is my mother for all the love she gave

Every morning that I wake I look back to yesterday

Its not so easy to forget

All the lines you left along her neck

When I was thrown against cold stairs

And every day Im afraid to come home

In fear of what I might see there

Bruises fade father but the pain remains the same

And I still remember how you kept me so afraid

Strength is my mother for all the love she gave

Every morning that I wake I look back to yesterday

And Im OK

Im OK

Biography

Christina Aguilera was born on Staten Island, New York and her family later settled in Pittsburgh. By the time she was five, Christina knew all the songs from The Sound of Music and performed them at neighborhood block parties. Christina Aguilera was soon performing the National Anthem at professional sporting events in the area.

When Christina Aguilera was 10, she went to an open audition for The Mickey Mouse Club. She didnt make it, but two years later Disney invited her back. She got a part and became a Mouseketeer working with now-famous co-stars like Britney Spears, Justin Timberlake and JC Chasez of and Keri Russell from Felicity. Christina Aguilera was in the Mickey mouse club for two years

During her Mouseketeer days, Christina Aguilera caught the eye of manager Steve Kurtz, who requested a demo tape to send to RCA exec, Ron Fair. Amazed by her voice and beauty he offered her a record deal when she was 15. Around the same time he received a call from a friend who worked at Disney who was looking for someone to sing Reflection, the lead song in the animated Mulan flick. His first thought was his new singer Christina Aguilera. She got the role and the song was eventually nominated for a Golden Globe for Best Original Song in a Motion Picture.

Her musical influences are

Etta James, Billie Holiday and Barbara Streisand.

Christina Aguilera won a Grammy for Best New Artist.

Jewel

Pieces of you

Title pieces of you

Artist Jewel

Year 14

Album Pieces of you

Melody guitar, piano

Harmony guitar

Rhythm guitar

Style pop

Instrumentation guitar, piano

Form

Melody-

The melody in this song is extremely repetitive, you notice this more because there are four versus and they don't differ at all. The guitar and the piano make up most of the melody in this song. All of the chorus melodies are the same as well.

Harmony-

There is very little harmonizing in this song but when there is it is done by the guitar. There are no backing vocals at all, it's just Jewel. I think this is because most of this album was recorded live.

Form/structure

The introduction is just guitar and it fades in. this is moderately soft. Then there is a verse which has just guitar and vocal, this is a fraction louder then the introduction. The chorus' are the same loudness as the versus. The outroduction fades out, that involves just guitar. The instrumental breaks in the song consist mainly of guitar.

Instrumental-

The instruments used in this song are guitar and piano, the music doesn't drown out the lyrics at all but there isn't much variation In the whole song instrumentally .

What is the song about?

This song is about people judging other people because their different but it is also saying that we judge these people so harshly because we feel we might be the same in some way.

Pieces of you

Shes an ugly girl, does it make you want to kill her?

Shes an ugly girl, do you want to kick in her face?

Shes an ugly girl, she doesnt pose a threat.

Shes an ugly girl, does that make you feel safe?

Ugly girl, ugly girl, do you hate her

Cause shes pieces of you?

Shes a pretty girl, does she make you think nasty thoughts?

Shes a pretty girl, do you want to tie her down?

Shes a pretty girl, do you call her a bitch?

Shes a pretty girl, did she sleep with your whole town?

Pretty girl, pretty girl, do you hate her

Cause shes pieces of you?

You say hes a faggot, does it make you want to hurt him?

You say hes a faggot, do you want to kick in his brains?

You say hes a faggot, does he make you sick to your stomach?

You say hes a faggot, are you afraid youre just the same?

Faggot, Faggot, do you hate him

Cause hes pieces of you?

You say hes a Jew, does it mean that hes tight?

You say hes a Jew, do you want to hurt his kids tonight?

You say hes a Jew, hell never wear that funny hat again.

You say hes a Jew as though being born were a sin.

Oh Jew, oh Jew, do you hate him

Cause hes pieces of you

Biography

Jewel Kilcher, born on May , 174 grew up in Alaska. Both of Jewels parents were in the music business and she toured with them. She had her own yodeling act by the time she was 6. Later on her parents broke up and Jewel stayed with her father. She continued to tour with her father for seven years.

Jewel attended Michigans Interlochen Fine Arts Academy. She was there on a vocal scholarship for two years. While attending the academy, Jewel began to play guitar. She began writing her own music. After recieving her diploma and graduating, Jewel headed to San Diego and lived with her mother. She had a job there, and was fired from a few.

Jewel decided that she would live in her van. In her van she had her own private space with no disturbances. She would write poetry and songs in the van. It was a very quiet place and somewhere she could really concentrate on her music.

At a local venue, Jewel started performing on a regular basis. Starting off with smaller crowds and leading up to a record signing with Atlantic Records She recorded her first album, Pieces of You at age 1. It started off fairly slow, but Jewel did not give up. She promoted her album by touring relentlessly and her effort has paid off. Her album going platinum was the highlight of Jewels career.

In 18 Jewel released her second album Spirit. The albums success was just as big as her first.Please note that this sample paper on Christina Aguilera song analysis - im ok is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Christina Aguilera song analysis - im ok, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on Christina Aguilera song analysis - im ok will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from writing help service and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Napoleon Bonarparte

If you order your cheap custom essays from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Napoleon Bonarparte. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Napoleon Bonarparte paper right on time.

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Napoleon Bonaparte rise and claim to power was as multifaceted as was his effect on the people of Europe. He was part of the history of the French Revolution and the ideals; freedom and equality, popular sovereignty, a goal of rational administration, rule of law, the liberation of Europe from feudal oppression, and the legacy of war helped to advance his career. Napoleons lasting contributions were achieved when his personal destiny corresponded with the needs of France. The French Revolution saw the reorganization the Catholic Church in France, sale of much of its property, and the turning of the clergy into salaried public servants. A Civil Constitution of the Clergy was introduced with no reference to the Pope what so ever. In addition to this an oath of loyalty to the Revolution was demanded of the clergy, this caused a split between the clergy and the country and broke universal religious practice. As Bonaparte grew into power there was the beginning of a religious revival happening, in order to gain control over his regime he needed to come to terms with this and the Pope. Both men flexed their muscles in this struggle for power, both finally agreed to the Concordat. Church property that had been auctioned during the Revolution were to be honored, but compensation was to been given to the church, a sum to be determined by Napoleon himself. Catholicism was restored not as the universal religion but the religion of the great majority. The clergy did remain salaried employees of the state and did have to pledge loyalty to the government. Bonaparte had the authority to nominate bishops, while the Pope gave them their spiritual authority. The church was no longer independent from the state but a corporation dependant upon the government. This corporation was relieved of its monopoly over the education the French youth; they were left with the educational duties of girls and younger children. Ecoles Centrales created by the Directory were the Republics best attempt at secondary education; they were eventually replaced by the lycees. These have government appointed teachers who used a similar curriculum as the Ecoles Centrales. There was to be uniforms and military discipline at the lycees. They did not solely focus on the scientific syllabus or professional training. There was tow steady streams of instruction, the first based on Latin and literature and the second based upon mathematics which included geography, technical drawing, natural history and chemistry. The libraries contents were to be determined by the government to ensure that the government schools all used the same texts. In 180 Napoleon introduced the baccalureat, a national exam which include all areas of secondary study; it eventually became a requirement for any professional career. The Civil Code or Code Napoleon was another unifying project taken on by Bonaparte; it became an instrument of French rule in Europe and an object of replication all over the world. The main purpose of the Civil Code was to give order to the various legal systems of the past. The same laws would apply equally to all citizens regardless of social status. Economic liberalism was encouraged by the Code; this gave employees advantages over their workers. It embodied the modern notion of property ownership, ?the right to enjoy and dispose of one?s property, provided it is not used in a manner prohibited by law. All children were given the right to inherit the family?s estate equally. Marriage had become secularized and divorce permitted on the grounds of; parental consent, ill treatment, criminal conviction or adultery by a women. Women had been granted several civil rights during the Revolution; Napoleon put a stop to that. They were stripped of their property when married, treated like minors in law suits, and denied any political rights. The Codes have been adapted to recognize modern concepts but their basic structures still stays intact, abolishing privilege, recognizing individualism and equality and eradicate the legal system from a religious framework.

The Counsel d?Etat was a committee of experts who advised the first Counsel on administrative and legal business and were responsible for drafting legislation. They were not selected for their political loyalties but for their expertise they had. Prefects were present in every department of the Republic. Appointed by the First Counsel they became the essential agent for gathering information and of central control. They were given wider powers of administration and more freedom due to their distance form Paris. The prefects were agents of the government not supporters of revolutionary factions, they stood above all parties and their first loyalty was to the state. Appointments to the Senate were a way for Napoleon to pay his debts and reward his supporters. They held office for life, received a comfortable salary and given estates by Napoleon. As he grew comfortable with the thought that the Senators would comply with his wishes he used it to his advantage. The Senate had the power to issue decrees which would bypass the legislature, he could nullify parliamentary opposition. A new formation of social hierarchy was achieved, Napoleon gathered unto him notables, bound by a personal allegiance to the Emperor and loyal service to the state. There were three tiers, elected at local, departmental and national levels. State service and propertied wealth not birth and inherited rank would now determine social and political hierarchy. Land owners, administrators, professional men and businessmen were most representative of the new hierarchy. The military did not figure into this hierarchy, they were fully recognized in the creation of the imperial nobility, legion d?honneur. The Imperial Nobility also had a hierarchy, Grand Officers, Commanders, Officers and Legionnaires. At the summit of the military hierarchy stood the Marshals, they were an exclusive group never more than sixteen were active at one time. They were proof of the new opportunities for social promotion; talent would give rise no matter what the origin of birth. They enjoyed their titles, princes, dukes, counts, barons, and knights, by 1814 Napoleon had created more than 00 imperial titles. They were and open elite not a feudal order bound by blood, marriage. This seemed to be a return to the very principle that caused the Revolution, but these nobles did not enjoy tax exemptions and had no legal privileges. They received a title, land in a conquered territory and a coat of arms. If they wanted to make their title hereditary they needed enough francs to maintain it.

Napoleons affect on the economy of France can be broken down into three sections; agriculture, international trade and industrial change. The war and maritime blockades deprived of good, especially dyes and sugars which were in heavy demand form the expanding cotton industry. Substitute crops were introduced but were of minimal consequence. Champagne and wine sales flourished during this time. Share croppers and laborers received little material benefit, but larger land owners saw a different story. There were no spectacular advances in agriculture, they found it better extend the areas under cultivation to achieve greater productivity than to apply more sophisticated methods.

The Naval war and Continental Blockade disrupted the patterns of international trade. Middlemen and the United States ships inserted themselves more into the exchange network. Many dealers form Bordeaux set up offices in the United States, the enticing prospects offered by the Americans and the use of the Caribbean helped set up New York as an important international commercial center. Port cities were not the only ones affected, the shipyards lay idle and rope makers and sail makers as well as other industries geared towards oceanic trades.

College papers on Napoleon Bonarparte

The Continental System was set up to prevent Britain form exporting her manufactured goods to Europe, as to choke their economy. With out the British competition France could colonize the European markets. New commercial centers of trade were to be established since her seaports were stagnating. The river trade in Rhineland boomed exporting wines and tobacco; Strasbourg handled on-third of Frances imports and the territories exports. Once the era ended where France competed with Great Britain of global commercial supremacy, France began to emerge as a modern industrial power. The most important industry was textiles, cotton being the most predominate. It responded to the demand for cheaper printed materials, water powered and steam powered mills helped achieve this, as well as several millers taking all the parts of the production over. In the heavy industries like iron, steel and coal, technological advances were limited, but their production increased. In the years 1810-1811 the markets hit a slump due to over production and the economy took a downward turn. The economic balanced shifted permanently form the west to the east. All that Napoleon Bonaparte truly did was quench his own thirst for power and glory. If that thirst somehow coincided with what was best for France than France profited as well as Bonaparte himself. For all the advances that are still present in some form today in European culture he is still best remembered as the ?little General?.Please note that this sample paper on Napoleon Bonarparte is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Napoleon Bonarparte, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on Napoleon Bonarparte will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Hamlet

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One of the most unique elements of the Hamlet character is that he is so human. Many types of readers can identify with him. Hamlet is imperfect, and he is fretful. Hamlet has human properties, and it is his humanity that I intend to explore. Indeed it is these human qualities and imperfections that make his story so tragic. Another tragic part of the play is the plays irony. Irony is an important tool in the hands of the playwright to achieve both comical and/or dramatic effect. There is usually little reason for a tragedy to be funny, so Shakespeare has used this tool to add more tragedy to the play. I will investigate the nature of this irony. Also, I will investigate the types of conflict that play a major part in the play and the relationships between Hamlet and the two people who have been closest to him; Ophelia and the Ghost. Hamlet cannot share his strong feelings and emotions with his mother or his girlfriend. While his mother is literally sleeping with the enemy, Ophelia has chosen the side of Claudius because of her father, Polonius. It is especially difficult for Hamlet to talk to Ophelia. The only other woman in his life, Gertrude, has betrayed his father by marrying Claudius. Hamlet may be obsessed with the idea that all women are evil, yet he really does love Ophelia, because when he finds out Ophelia has died, he cries out, I lovd Ophelia; forty thousand brothers could not, with all their quantity of love, make up my sum.(Act V, Scene 1) The ghost provides Hamlet with a dilemma. In Shakespeares plays, supernatural characters are not always to be trusted; think of the three witches in MacBeth, who are instrumental in his downfall. Hamlet does not know whether the ghost is telling the truth or not. If Hamlet had killed Claudius solely on the ghosts advice, he would certainly have been tried and put to death himself. There would probably have been a war to choose the new king. Being the humanitarian that he is, and taking account of his responsibilities as a prince and future king, Hamlet most likely would want to avoid civil war. Even though Claudius is a murderer, and probably not as noble a king as Hamlets father was, he is still a king. He brings order to Denmark. Hamlet does not wish to plunge his country into chaos. He realizes that this will happen when he kills Claudius. Hamlet is unable to combine the spiritual world (in the form of his fathers ghost) with the tangible, every-day world that surrounds him. There is much irony throughout this play. One occurrence of irony I found particularly striking was the fact that Hamlet effectively maneuvers himself into the same position as Claudius. Claudius had attacked and killed a man who did not have the opportunity to defend himself, but when Hamlet kills Polonius, is he not guilty of the same? It is intriguing that both Claudius and Hamlet have killed fathers. It is interesting to see how these two completely different characters deal with this problem in different ways. Other interesting parallels I found are the numerous deaths by poison. Hamlets father was murdered by Claudius with poison. In the final act, the queen is the first to be poisoned, by drinking from Hamlets cup. Then, Hamlet is wounded by the poisoned tip of Laertes sword. When they change swords, Hamlet gets the upper hand and Laertes is poisoned. When the queen dies, Laertes explains all to Hamlet, before he dies. Hamlet then kills Claudius before dying himself. It is ironic that, as Claudius is poisoned because of his own plotting, he had already signed his own death warrant when he killed Hamlets father, the first tragic action of the play. There are only three people in this play who dont die by poisoning Rosencrantz and Guildenstern meet their deaths in England, after being outsmarted by Hamlet. The third is Ophelia, who is drowned. There are three types of conflict I can identify in the play man versus man, man versus nature and man versus himself. Hamlets fight with Laertes in Ophelias grave and the subsequent duel would both easily classify as man versus man conflicts. Man also struggles with nature in this play, most notably in the form of Ophelias drowning and Hamlets crossing the sea to England - although the latter conflict plays more of a background role. The man versus himself conflict is most directly exposed in Hamlets famous soliloquy, where he is wrestling with his conscience. The realization he comes to in this soliloquy is that we are afraid to kill ourselves because we do not know what is to be found after death. Another man versus himself conflict is Claudius inability to pray. He cannot really justify his past deeds. For him this is actually another step into darkness. Hamlet may be a thinking man; however, this does not mean he actually likes to think. Although he might have liked to think in the time preceding the play, when the time has come for him to take action, he cannot because of this urge to contemplate. His capacity of thinking becomes a handicap rather than an advantage. And this is not even the most painful or tragic part of the Hamlet character. The biggest problem is that he is aware of this. Not only is he incapable of acting without thinking, he knows that this is the case, which makes the burden even heavier. Hamlet cannot face reality. It is already a traumatic experience for him when he has to believe the words of the ghost, and actually the ghosts demanding him to act on this information is too much for him. Hamlet is however, a man of decision. But he is also contemplative. He needs to think in order to justify his actions, and his intellectual characteristics are the major difference between Claudius and himself. Hamlet is very aware of the relationship between action and reaction and realizes that he has to proceed very carefully. In the play, Claudius is the decisive character, and the man of action. He takes the first action, the action that sets the story in motion - the poisoning of Hamlets father. He also instigates the final action, the poisoning of the blades and the cup; an action that will backfire and cause his own death. In the play, there seems to be a constant shift of action, where only one party can act at any time. These two parties are of course Hamlet and Claudius. When Claudius has taken the action that secures him the throne, he allows Hamlet to become the man of action. But Hamlet procrastinates. The only action Hamlet takes is staging the play, which seems more to serve the purpose to establish that Claudius is indeed guilty of his fathers murder. He does this for himself and for Horatio. Then he proceeds to kill the eavesdropping Polonius. Hamlet is given the chance to avenge this foul and most unnatural murder when he sees Claudius praying. Hamlet, being a Christian prince, cannot bring himself to kill Claudius while he is praying, as this would secure his place in heaven. Hamlet wants to make sure Claudius will suffer in the afterlife, just as his father did. Hamlet leaves just before Claudius gets up, declaring he cannot pray; My words fly up, my thoughts remain below Words without thoughts never to heaven go (Claudius, Act III, Scene ). Had Hamlet known Claudius was unable to pray, then he could have had his revenge right then and there, instead of waiting until the end, and taking everyone else with him. Most of the other characters would probably have acted much quicker than Hamlet if they were in his position. Imagine Polonius in the situation Hamlet found himself in. He would not procrastinate as much. It would have most likely been off with the head of the murderer! Any other character in the play would not have stayed as quiet as Hamlet does (confiding only in his best friend, and even keeping the truth from his mother until the end of Act III). Although not every one of them might have come to killing Claudius. But Hamlet does not seem to do anything. Again, he thinks too much. But why? Hamlet is self-conscious, while the majority of characters that surround him are not. This explains why he feels inhibited to act. Hamlet resembles a real person more than any other character in the play, which might be another reason why he still remains a subject of discussion, and why the play remains so popular. Hamlet is one of the most interesting characters in English fiction because we can identify with him, and understand, although not always agree with his actions. Hamlet is also set apart by his elusiveness. Many of the characters in the play can be categorized within minutes of their introduction. Im not calling them caricatures, but there is definitely a caricature-like side to some of them. The pompous Polonius and the deceitful and thick-headed Guildenstern and Rozencrantz come to my mind. However, this does not hold true for some other characters, such as Laertes and Ophelia. The character of Hamlet refuses categorization. Interesting with regard to this is his love of theater. He is particularly interested in the idea that things may seem different from what they really are, just like the people that surround him. His mother is no longer his fathers wife, but his uncles, his girlfriend is no longer there for him, and Guildenstern and Rosencrantz are no longer his friends. Also, he is aware that he will have to disguise himself and his real motives and goals in order to attain them - this is why he fakes his madness. It is not until he picks up Yoricks skull in the beginning of Act V that he finds out what is real and what not. In the end, when the truth is revealed and everyones masks are removed, death is all that is to be found.

Please note that this sample paper on Hamlet is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Hamlet, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Hamlet will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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